If Everyone Is Broke, Is There Still A Class System?
Will The Great Recession dissolve our system of symbols and affluence and remake America into a classless society? Nah, not only would that be boring, but it's impossible. A river with less water is still a river. Speaking of conspicuous consumption and water, here's what Paul Fussel, snarky author of Class: A Guide Through the American Status System, says about cruise ships:
The middle is the class that makes cruise ships a profitable enterprise, for it fancies that the upper-middle class is to be mixed with on them, without realizing that that class is either peering at the minarets of Istanbul or hiding out in a valley in Nepal, or staying home in Old Lyme, Connecticut, playing backgammon and reading Town and Country. Tourism is popular with the middle class because it allows them to "buy the feeling," as C. Wright Mills says, "if only for a short time, of higher status." And as he points out, both cruise (or resort) staffs and their clientele cooperate in playing out the charade that really quite an upper-middle-class (or even upper class) operation is going forward: lots of 'served meals,' white napery, 'sparkling wine,' mock caviar. If you'll notice how often, in tourist advertising, the term luxury appears (as well as the word gourmet), you'll see what I mean.
Witness the latest Carnival Cruise ads which feature a schlub in cruise-ship supplied tracksuit pranking around the floating prison...
Class reacts to economic crisis like magnets of the same polarity, it adjusts automatically.The only to do to is adjust. Cruises move down-market and "having it all" becomes being able to buy a big-screen at Wal-Mart and watch Netflix with the whole family. The affectations of affluence don't disappear when the money does, they simply get redefined.
Or, as one Metafilter commenter put it, "Did you all realize that even thinking about buying a Toyota Prius makes you noticeably more smug?"
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Comments:
I think it does a bit of disservice to middle class people to assume that when we go on vacation, we believe all the people around us are upper class people. No, I am pretty sure we all realize the upper class are at private villas at exclusive resorts where it costs $2,000 a night to stay. Make no mistake, when I am staying at an all-inclusive, I realize the people around me are either
A. Middle class like myself that saved awhile for a trip.
B. Newlyweds/honeymooners whos parents are footing the bill.
C. Retirees.
@Saboth: When I go on vacation, using my last as an example, I know that the upper class are at Le Meridien, not Hotel Jedermann.
@Anathema777: Exactly. Who doesn't like a little pampering? It's just that the middle class doesn't get to enjoy as much of it as the wealthy.
@Anathema777: I agree. I don't really see a purpose to the post other than to flame/demean the middle class
Hang on--that's a book from 1992. (Haven't read it, but I love Fussell's book on World War I.) I don't think that makes it automatically invalid, but has cruise ship marketing really stayed the same for seventeen years? Even the post suggests that it's changed in the last two.
But I didn't know the word "napery." Now I have to use it. (The word--I already know how to use a napkin, I swear.)
@floraposte: Oops--the book isn't from 1992, it's from 1983. It's a quarter of a century old. How on earth did it happen to come up here?
@CoffeeChewer: I don't know. I think the aspirational point has some merit to it. That was driving a lot of people buying their larger-than-necessary houses and wanting travertine and granite and cherry in them, and the whole "house staging" phenomenon.
It's not just about people liking pampering, it's about what says "pampering" to different people, and how those symbols work. But I actually think Ben's point is somewhat contradicted by the quote (or the other way around), since Fussell is arguing that the cruise is selling a certain illusion of exclusivity while the cruise ad is anti-exclusive.
@Anathema777: I have to agree here. Vacations are about escapism and fantasy for many. A cruise or all-inclusive vacation is probably the only time all year where a mom doesn't have to do dishes and clean up after everyone. Do only the rich deserve to be pampered?
That being said, I have been on a cruise before, and the reality is definitely not like the commercials. Passengers are usually depicted alone on a beach or by themselves swimming with the dolphins, when in reality you are lined up with a bunch of other people and the dolphin is paraded past for a quick pat. It is almost impossible to get a deck chair on a cruise unless you get out to the pool at the crack of dawn. The parade of fruity drinks makes it bearable though.
@wildhare:
I'd never been on one so the family went in October 2007. It was a lot of fun for us (kids too) and I'd go again. We compared the cost of a 5 day/4 night cruise to a trip to Dinsneyland (we live in CA) and the cruise was cheaper.
@wildhare: having been on three cruises that were specifically designed to have alternative entertainment (semi-hasbeen rock music instead of creepy Vegas-rejects)... a cruise has to be about the most boring vacation ever.
I'm pretty sure most mainstream cruise lines cater to the "middle class" if you can break it down to something that simple. I've been on two cruises, Alaska and the Med, and both times it was clear the vast majority of the cruisers were families with a kid or two who had saved up a while for a great vacation. That being said, I stayed in a suite both times and there was a sense of snootiness in the suite hallways not present in the rest of the ship. Most passengers I spoke to did not even know there were suites on board. They thought most of the rooms were standard with the only difference being a balcony or a window. It was a nice change to be in a place where every body was there just to have fun. +1 for cruising, especially Alaska! And the author quoted above is just being elitist.
@Anathema777: It's more of a sociological argument than anything else, and as such I dont find it offensive. My social psychology class in college was filled with theories like this, more of which are correct. I think most marketing is concerned with "selling the feeling" and that feeling usually is keeping up with the Joneses. Wanna feel richer? Buy this product!
Attack the middle class, eh? I'll take a cheap shot across your bow, Mr. Snootypants:
"His first wife, Betty Fussell, a food writer and biographer, whom he met at Pomona College, has written a memoir, My Kitchen Wars (1999), that discusses their more than 30 years of marriage in highly negative terms, including allegations that Fussell had adulterous affairs with both men and women." - Wikipedia
No matter what class you are, the internet can help air out your dirty laundry.
To be on topic, I think taking a cruise could be nice. I like sitting around, big boats, and moving slowly. How pedestrian!
Am I the only one here who hates vacations and hates traveling? I don't think I would ever be able to go on a vacation and actually enjoy it because I would be so stressed out throughout the whole thing, so much for relaxing! It would just be worry after worry for me. I went somewhere out of state when I was a kid and that's the last time I have been on vacation! So yeah, needless to say I have never been on a cruise, does that make me poor? Well I don't really care too much either, I am happy how I am.
I can do about 2 hours in a car to get somewhere I want to go but that's about it.
Funny: the first vacation I took with my then-boyfriend-now-husband was a week-long Caribbean cruise! And for our honeymoon we cruised the Hawaiian islands. Cruises are like those open-air bus city tours; they give you the highlights of places, so you can spend a little time and decide if you'd like to go back for more.
Plus the food ain't bad.
@mcjake: You've got to read the book -- it's a GREAT book. And I think everyone walks away from it at least a *little* insulted. I apparently read the wrong magazines for my self-perceived class status, and I wanted to bicker with the book about it. While totally agreeing with all the snarky stuff he said about OTHER classes. Which I think proves his point. :)
Fussel is so underappreciated.
@circusgeek: Fussel is a genius, dude. He a very famous commentator on American society, though he's retired these days. One of his most famous pieces was "Thank God for the Atom Bomb!" which he wrote about his POV as a lowly soldier during WWII when the elite started questioning its use a couple decades later -- he's a very different voice than a lot of the American commentariat. (But in a smart, well-reasoned way, not in an "I'm different because I make up my own facts and then shout about them" way.)
The book "Class" is absolutely BRILLIANT and hugely amusing. He does take a "tone" but he's definitely not a poser. The tone is part of what makes it work.
And like Twain, it's not really looking down his nose at you personally, he pretty much disdains everyone equally, regardless of class.
@Anathema777: You have to read the book. He's snarky about every class like that. And it's frequently not so much snark as a certain painfully direct insight that deflates some of our more absurd American anti-class conceits.
It's so enjoyable I have to pick it up and re-read it every few years, and get mad at it ALL OVER AGAIN for deflating my personal conceits. :D
@floraposte: It's an extremely famous and influential commentary on the realities of the American class system. It's also extremely funny. It's a classic.
As I said above, it's so good I have to re-read it every few years, and it actually holds up really well against the passage of time. Maybe you need to mentally insert "faux granite" for "formica" countertops or whatever, but more things have stayed the same than changed. A lot of the specific aspirational details have changed, and job prestige has shifted some, but the manners and morals and aspirational themes remain pretty constant.
@TheWillow: There is so much to do on a cruise ship, I have never been bored. But it is also a place where you can choose to do nothing and relax, that's great too. Maybe I'm not one of those that need someone "entertaining me".
@David Brodbeck:
I liked the cruse I went on but I have to agree with you. One of the best trips I had was when I had no work/classes for 4 days and hit the open road. I saw plenty of cool things and experienced a lot of fun activities. Nothing like being one step above a gypsy on the open road for a week to release ones stress.
@Eyebrows McGee (on Twitter: LPetelle): Yes, how could one not love a turn of phrase such as "is to be mixed with on them"? (lol).
@wildhare: The cruise I went on was pretty fun - if anything, being able to stare out into the vasty nothingness of the Atlantic was breathtaking. And the food was awesome. And the breakfasts that are served to you out on the deck, so you can contemplate the ocean without having to get up much.
@bcmusselman: Or, if you have a hankering for swarthy gentlemen who can disassemble an AK-47 blindfolded on a pitching deck. Or a fondness for foul-mouthed parrots.
@wildhare:
yea its really not that exciting..it feels like you're just stuck in your hotel and you have to make due with what they offer. Sure you can go to the pool and have drinks and watch the cheesy shows but you can do all that on land and for way cheaper too. I had more fun when we got off the ship for a day at the Bahamas, touring around for a little while at a nice little town.


















They can keep their cruise - I want that jumpsuit.